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Kuldana Formation
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Kuldana Fm base reconstruction

Kuldana Fm

Period: 
Paleogene

Age Interval: 
Early-Middle Eocene


Province: 
Pakistan Indus Basin

Type Locality and Naming

Charrat Gr – sixth formation in Kohat-Margala Province (Ko-MP). Holotype section: Kuldana village, east of Islamabad. Author: M. A. Latif, 1970. Reference section: None.


Lithology and Thickness

Claystone. The formation is essentially a red mudstone. It is composed of shale and marl with occasional beds of red sandstone, grey limestone, conglomerate and bleached dolomite.

Thickness: 40-200 m. It is 100-150 m thick in the vicinity of Kohat, 110 m at Bahadur Khel, 40 m at Panoba and 120- 200 m in Kalachitta area.


Lithology Pattern: 
Claystone


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Conformably underlain by Jatta Gypsum Fm / Shekhan Fm in Kohat area, and by Chorgali Fm in Kalachitta and Hazara area.

Upper contact

Conformably overlain by Kohat Fm in western Ko- MP and Kalachitta area; and by the Murree Fm at the type locality.

Regional extent

The formation is restricted to Ko-MP and is well exposed in Kohat, Kalachitta and Hazara area.


GeoJSON

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Fossils

Different fossil types including vertebrates are found in the formation. The foraminifera include Assilina granulose, A. spinosa, A. exponers, Gaudryina sp., Eponide sp., Lockhartia sp. etc.


Age 

Early-Middle Eocene.Depositional setting:The terrestrial red beds of the formation were deposited during Early Eocene marine regression, and represent deposition in an over bank flood plain. The sandstone interbeds resulted from single, small, moderately incised streams that were rapidly changing course due to avulsions. The upper Kuldana beds were deposited during renewed phase of Middle Eocene transgression in the greater part of Kohat and Kalachitta areas.

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Ypresian

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.6

    Beginning date (Ma): 
51.24

    Ending stage: 
Lutetian

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
0.2

    Ending date (Ma):  
46.66

Depositional setting

The terrestrial red beds of the formation were deposited during Early Eocene marine regression, and represent deposition in an over bank flood plain. The sandstone interbeds resulted from single, small, moderately incised streams that were rapidly changing course due to avulsions. The upper Kuldana beds were deposited during renewed phase of Middle Eocene transgression in the greater part of Kohat and Kalachitta areas.

Age span:

Beginning stage: Ypresian

Fraction up in beginning stage: 0.6

Beginning date (Ma):

Ending stage: Lutetian

Fraction up in ending stage: 0.2

Ending date (Ma):

Depositional setting:


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information


Compiler:  

Nusrat K. Siddiqui